Explain what “Dynamic Braking” is in locomotive engineering.

Dynamic braking is a technique used in locomotive engineering primarily for slowing down the train. This system employs the train's traction motors to generate resistance, effectively converting the kinetic energy of the moving train into electrical energy. When dynamic braking is activated, the traction motors that typically drive the wheels are switched to operate as generators. Instead of propelling the train forward, they now create electrical energy as a reaction to the wheels turning. This process generates drag, which helps to slow down the train due to the resistance created by the motors.

This method of braking is energy-efficient since it does not rely on traditional friction brakes, which can wear out and produce heat. Instead, dynamic braking allows for smoother deceleration and can be particularly useful in maintaining control on downhill gradients. By using the electrical system this way, it also assists in slowing the train without excessive wear on mechanical brake components.