Identify one major type of track maintenance activity involved in rail transport.

Rail grinding is a crucial track maintenance activity in rail transport because it involves the process of restoring the profile of the rail surface to ensure safe and smooth train operations. Over time, the rails can become worn due to the constant movement of trains and the friction generated between the wheels and the rail. This wear can lead to issues such as increased noise, vibrations, and potential damage to the track structure.

By grinding the rails, engineers can eliminate any irregularities, such as ridges or deformities, ensuring that the wheels have a smooth surface to travel over. This process not only extends the life of the rail but also enhances the safety and comfort of the ride for passengers. Proper maintenance through rail grinding helps in preventing accidents caused by track defects and improves overall railway performance, making it a vital aspect of track maintenance.