What is a train called that carries no revenue passengers?

A train that carries no revenue passengers is referred to as a deadhead train. This term specifically describes a situation where a train is moving without any paying passengers, often for the purpose of repositioning coaches or operators to where they are needed. For example, it may occur when a train needs to travel back to its point of origin after completing a passenger service, allowing crew members or equipment to return without generating income from ticket sales.

In contrast, an extra train typically runs outside of the regular schedule and can either carry passengers or freight, depending on the demand or specific operational needs. A freight train is built and designated to carry cargo rather than passengers, meaning it does not apply to the context of carrying no revenue passengers. Lastly, a passenger train specifically carries paying passengers, making it clear that such a train cannot be classified as one that operates without revenue passengers. Therefore, the designation of deadhead train accurately captures the nature of a train that is not generating revenue while it operates.